Introduction  According to the measured wave data of one year in the deep water area of Eastern Guangdong， this paper mainly studies the basic characteristics of annual waves in the sea area.

  Method  Firstly， the eigenvalues of wave height and period were counted month by month， get the basic distribution characteristics of the whole year； Then made statistics for the wave direction， obtain the seasonal characteristics of wave direction； Furthermore， the joint distribution of wave height and period and the relationship between wave height and period were explored； Finally， the characteristics of typical typhoon waves were studied.

  Result  The results showed that： （1） The annual average H_s is 1.52 m， the H_max is 15.97 m， the highest mean value of H_s in December， January and February， the H_max is caused by Typhoon Mangkhut； （2） Affected by monsoon season and tropical cyclone， the normal wave direction and strong wave direction are ENE and SE respectively； （3） The main wave type in the whole year is wind wave component， the correlation between wave height and period is fitted； （4） According to the measured data of typhoon wave of Mangkhut， both wave height and period have a significant increase and decrease process. Through wave spectrum analysis during the typhoon， it experienced the evolution from double-peaked spectrum to single-peaked spectrum， it shows that the wave type during typhoon is mainly wind-surge mixed wave， the peak value reached 96.74 m²/Hz at 6：00 on September 16， peak frequency is 0.07 Hz.

  Conclusion  The research results of this paper can provides technical reference for the design of related marine engineering.