Objective Energy storage technologies play a pivotal role in power systems, enhancing system stability, reducing environmental burdens, improving energy efficiency, and promoting the widespread application of renewable energy. This paper aims to introduce the core mechanisms, classifications, and current application status of energy storage technologies on the power generation side, while also exploring their latest advancements and development trends.

Method The paper systematically elaborated on the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and application prospects of several major energy storage technologies, including electrochemical energy storage, mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, and thermal energy storage. Through detailed analysis and comparison of various energy storage technologies, a basis had been provided for the specific application of energy storage technology on the power generation side.

Result Within electrochemical energy storage, lithium-ion batteries dominate due to their high energy density and long cycle life, while lead-acid batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and sodium-ion batteries also show potential for application in specific fields. Mechanical energy storage technologies exhibit significant advantages in terms of sustainability and cost. Chemical energy storage technologies hold great potential for renewable energy storage and conversion. Electromagnetic energy storage technologies feature high power output and rapid response, enabling efficient utilization of electrical energy. Thermal energy storage technologies achieve energy storage and release by regulating temperature, and are widely used in peak-shaving applications within power systems. On the power generation side, energy storage technologies have improved waste heat recovery efficiency, mitigated the intermittency issues of renewable energy generation, and played a significant role in areas such as peak shaving and frequency regulation of thermal power units.

Conclusion Energy storage technologies exhibit broad application prospects and tremendous development potential. Their latest advancements and trends provide insights and directions for subsequent technological research and development.