Objective In the context of the current global energy transition, large-scale access to offshore wind power has weakened grid connection strength, triggering a series of grid stability challenges.

Method To address the stability of the offshore wind power grid in a weak grid environment, this paper first analyzed the characteristics and challenges of the stability of the offshore wind power grid in a weak grid environment. Then, it summarized five mainstream methods for analyzing the stability of power systems. Finally, it outlined the key technologies for ensuring the stability of the offshore wind power grid.

Result The core of stability problems, such as synchronous instability, broadband oscillation and transient voltage fluctuation are found in offshore wind power, weak grid integration originates from the low inertia characteristics of power electronic equipment and the high impedance characteristics of the weak grid. The various grid integration stability analysis methods have their own advantages and limitations. The impedance model method is applicable to problems such as high-frequency resonance, but modeling is complicated. The eigenvalue analysis method can accurately locate oscillatory modes, but it is only applicable to small disturbances. The time-domain simulation method is intuitive, but has low computational efficiency. The data-driven modeling method is adaptable, but has limited generalization ability. Key technologies in offshore wind power play an important role in grid stability. Flexible DC transmission technology realizes active-reactive decoupling control. Reactive power compensation technology maintains voltage stability by optimizing the configuration of compensation devices. The enhancement of fault ride-through capability ensures the stable operation of wind farms in the event of grid faults. Wide-band oscillation monitoring and suppression technology reduces the risk of oscillation by optimizing sensors and control strategies.

Conclusion The future direction for improving the stability of offshore wind power grids includes integrating intelligent monitoring and data analysis technologies, constructing multi-source complementary integrated energy systems, and developing adaptive control technologies based on artificial intelligence. These technologies and norms will promote grid stability and help achieve carbon neutrality and the global energy transition.