Objective Driven by China's "dual carbon" goals, the adoption of hydrogen-based fuels is pivotal for the green transition of the shipping industry. The development of a low-cost, large-scale supply chain is a critical bottleneck for the deployment of hydrogen-fueled vessels. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the global and domestic development of these supply chains from a technological standpoint, analyzing their current status and challenges to forecast the future trajectory of hydrogen-based shipping.

Method By systematically reviewing existing literature on policy frameworks, market conditions, fuel selection, and demonstration projects, this study conducted a thorough analysis of the entire hydrogen-based fuel supply chain, encompassing production, storage and transportation, bunkering, and on-board power systems. The analysis integrated technology readiness level assessments and patent data analysis to provide both objective and subjective insights into the technological landscape, identifying key trends for each segment.

Result The findings indicate that the adoption of hydrogen-based fuels in the maritime sector is still in its nascent stages. The supply chains for ammonia and methanol are relatively more mature, whereas the hydrogen supply chain shows higher technological readiness primarily in the production segment. Future fuel choices are expected to converge on green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol. However, the high cost of the supply chain remains a common and significant challenge for all hydrogen-based fuel options.

Conclusion To accelerate the widespread application and sustainable development of hydrogen-based fuels in shipping, this study recommends that the industry focus on: strengthening targeted R&D, improving fuel supply chain infrastructure, establishing comprehensive standards and regulations, and promoting cross-sector collaboration.