Objective Addressing the critical issue of floating foundation type selection in the early stage of far-offshore wind power development, this study aims to establish a scientific evaluation system for assessing the adaptability of floating foundations to specific marine environments. Through multi-dimensional quantitative analysis, it seeks to address the challenges in selecting foundation types under complex conditions such as water depth, wind, waves, currents, and geology, providing a theoretical basis for pre-development decision-making in far-offshore wind projects.

Method By reviewing the structural characteristics and applicable scenarios of four typical floating foundation types (spar, semi-submersible, barge and tension leg), an evaluation system was constructed comprising three first-level indicators (environmental adaptability, technical stability and implementability, economic applicability), eleven second-level indicators, and twenty seven third-level indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine indicator weights, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was introduced to quantify qualitative indicators. An empirical study on multi-dimensional adaptability evaluation was conducted for a specific sea area in the East China Sea (water depth: 40～60 m, average annual wind speed: 10.2 m/s, extreme wave height: 16 m).

Result The evaluation results indicate significant differences in the adaptability of different foundation types for the case site. The semi-submersible foundation achieves a comprehensive score of 81.6, rated as "excellent"; Its hydrodynamic performance is stable, construction technology is mature, and it performes optimally in environmental adaptability, technical stability and economic applicability. The barge foundation scores 68.3 ("medium") due to insufficient wave resistance and higher operational costs, although it demonstrates good adaptability to the site's water depth. The tension leg foundation, limited by technical bottlenecks in its anchoring system scores 65.8 ("medium"). The spar foundation scores 48.4 ("poor"), primarily due to poor adaptability to the site's water depth.

Conclusion The evaluation system develops in this study can effectively quantify the match between floating foundations and specific sea areas, providing a scientific basis for foundation type selection in the pre-development phase of projects. Future work should further incorporate dynamic load simulation, life-cycle cost analysis and adaptability studies for large-capacity turbines, expand adaptability verification across multiple sites, and promote the development of floating wind technology towards greater efficiency and standardization. The research findings hold significant reference value for the scientific decision-making and technological advancement of far-offshore wind power development in China.