Objective Against the backdrop of the advancement of "dual-carbon" goals and deepening electricity market reforms, the interaction between carbon emission trading mechanisms and electricity markets has become a core issue for building a low-carbon energy system. However, due to differences in operating rhythms, boundary structures, and price-formation logics, the transmission pathways of carbon price signals in electricity markets remain unclear. Systematic research is urgently needed to advance the modeling of coupling mechanisms and policy coordination.

Method Focusing on the coordination of carbon and electricity markets, the fundamental principles and analytical framework of carbon-electricity market coupling were systematically reviewed from the dimensions of policy institutions, dispatch mechanisms, market-clearing models, and feedback signals. Typical modeling approaches, including nested dispatch mechanism modeling, marginal cost function construction, carbon-price-driven optimization strategies, and signal-response mechanisms, were also summarized. Furthermore, the applicability and evolutionary trends of methods such as multi-objective optimization, dynamic game mechanisms, and AI-assisted modeling were critically assessed.

Result The findings indicate that while existing carbon-electricity market coupling modeling methods have made progress in algorithmic frameworks and system representation, significant challenges remain in modeling boundary consistency, temporal adaptability, market coordination mechanisms, and carbon-finance linkages. Different models exhibit varying capacities in addressing carbon price uncertainty, responding to dynamic market behaviors, and supporting regional coordinated dispatch, but a unified systematic analysis and adaptability evaluation framework is still lacking.

Conclusion Future research can be expanded in aspects including integrated market-clearing mechanisms, collaborative modeling of multi-energy systems, carbon-electricity-finance linkage mechanisms, and AI-driven carbon price forecasting and regulation strategies. These efforts will help establish an efficient, controllable, and transparent carbon-electricity coordination mechanism system, providing both theoretical support and practical tools for the green and low-carbon transition.