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海洋油田群受海底油气资源分布限制,通常距离陆地较远,以孤岛形式建设。油田群平台目前主要通过透平发电机组等自发电设备为用电负荷提供电能,自发电在保障海上油田开发电力供应的同时也带来了一系列的问题,主要体现在:(1)透平发电机组基本都是进口设备,费用高,核心技术被国外垄断;(2)每个油田平台都需要设置自发电设备;(3)自发电设备以原油或天然气为燃料,由于单一平台的容量小且效率低,导致发电成本较高[1]。
通过从陆上向海上供电可以很好地解决上述问题。陆地电力一方面控制技术成熟,调度灵活,供电可靠性高;另一方面陆地能源中水电、核电、风电等清洁能源占比较高,能够大幅减少海上自发电过程中产生的温室气体和污染气体直接排放,为地区环境治理作出贡献。因此,这一技术将会是海洋油田群电力解决方案的主要发展方向。
海上降压变电站是油田群供电的核心内容,承担着电能分配和改善电能质量的重要功能。目前国内油田群海上降压变电站尚无工程应用案例。相比于陆上电网的变电站和用于海上风电送出的海上升压站,海上降压变电站功能区域更多、建设难度更大,成本更高。本文提出的海上降压变电站布置方案对满足工艺流程、保障设备检修和维护便利以及最大程度减少平台尺寸具有重要的指导作用和参考价值。
Research on Layout Plan of Offshore Step-down Substation for Oilfield Group Project
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摘要:
目的 海上油田群电力主要来源于发电机组,存在供电可靠性差、发电效率低和节能减排压力大等问题,通过陆上向海上供电可以很好地解决上述问题。 方法 根据功能定位和工作原理,可将海上降压变电站分为220 kV开关设备区、变压器区、35 kV开关设备区、10 kV开关设备区、无功补偿区和辅助房间六大区域。通过对各区域的研究给出了推荐的布置方案。 结果 给出的布置方案对提高海上降压变电站的可靠性、保障设备检修和维护便利以及最大程度减少平台尺寸具有重要作用。 结论 提出的布置方案能够对油田群项目中的海上降压变电站起到很好的指导作用,具有较高的参考价值。 Abstract:Introduction The power of offshore oilfield group mainly comes from generating units, which has problems of poor power supply reliability, low power generation efficiency, high pressure of energy saving and emission reduction, etc. Method According to the function orientation and working principle, the offshore step-down substation could be divided into six areas: 220 kV switchgear area, transformer area, 35 kV switchgear area, 10 kV switchgear area, reactive power compensation area and auxiliary room. The recommended layout plan was given through the study of each area. Result The layout plan proposed in this paper plays an important role in improving the reliability of offshore step-down substation, ensuring the convenience of equipment maintenance and service, and minimizing the platform size. Conclusion The layout plan proposed in this paper can play a good role in guiding offshore step-down substations in oilfield group project and has high reference value. -
Key words:
- oilfield group /
- offshore step-down substation /
- layout plan
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