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摘要:目的 摩擦卷扬机是高空风能发电（Airborne Wind Energy Systems, AWES）的主要做功设备，为克服其工作过程中所受缆绳拉力大、线速度高、工况复杂的难点，同时满足长寿命、高可靠性、高安全性的需求。方法 提出一种基于承压轮的浮动双卷筒摩擦卷扬机构型。通过有限元分析软件对关键部件承压轮和卷筒进行优化设计，建立摩擦卷扬机受力分析模型并进行力学分析，采用变密度法，对承压轮内部支撑体进行拓扑优化；对卷筒参数化建模，进行灵敏度分析，筛选出对最大应力、平均应力和几何质量的灵敏度较大的结构参数，采用中心复合试验设计法，建立了卷筒应力、质量与主要设计结构参数的响应面模型。结果 通过以应变能最小为目标，以承压轮内部支撑体体积为约束条件，实现了承压轮结构质量下降36%的优化效果，并通过在不同部位施加载荷验证了其强度符合要求；使用灵敏度分析法筛选卷筒结构参数，以此建立卷筒响应面模型并进行多目标优化，得到卷筒优化方案，在满足强度要求的前提下实现质量减轻16.6%的优化效果。结论 基于有限元分析仿真软件对摩擦卷扬机关键部件进行优化并验证了以上构型的可行性，同时降低了制造成本，兼具经济性，并解决了高速重载卷扬机的轴承选型、振动和热膨胀等难题。Abstract:Objective Friction winch is the main working equipment for Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWES). To overcome the difficulties of high cable tension, high linear velocity and complex working conditions during its operation to meet the requirements of long service life, high reliability and high safety, a floating double drum friction winch mechanism based on pressure bearing wheels is proposed.Method The key components of the pressure bearing wheel and drum were optimized using finite element analysis software. A force analysis model for the friction winch was established and subjected to mechanical analysis. The variable density method was used to optimize the topology of the internal support structure of the pressure bearing wheel. Parameterized modeling of the drum was conducted, followed by sensitivity analysis to screen out structural parameters with significant sensitivity to maximum stress, mean stress and geometric mass. Using the central composite experimental design method, a response surface model was established for the drum's stress, mass and main design structural parameters.Result By taking the minimum strain energy as the objective and the internal support volume of the pressure bearing wheel as the constraint, the optimization achieves a 36% reduction in the structural mass of the pressure bearing wheel, and its strength is verified to meet the requirements by applying loads at different locations. Sensitivity analysis is used to screen the structural parameters of the drum, and a response surface model of the drum is established for multi-objective optimization. This results in a drum optimization design that achieves a 16.6% reduction in mass while meeting strength requirements.Conclusion Based on finite element analysis simulation software, the key components of the friction winch are optimized and the feasibility of the above configuration was verified. This not only reduces manufacturing costs and improves economic efficiency but also addresses challenges such as bearing selection, vibration and thermal expansion in high-speed, heavy-duty winches.
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表 1 摩擦卷扬机设计输入参数
Table 1 Design input parameters for friction winch
序号 运行工况 缆绳拉力/kN 缆绳速度/（m·s−1） 轴承寿命/h 1 发电，放绳 3 250 10 50 000 2 耗电，收绳 110 23.6 — 
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表 2 卷筒传动轴设计参数
Table 2 Design parameters of drive shaft of the drum
名称 最大弯矩M/（kN·m） 最大扭矩T/（kN·m） 数值 8 460 3 530
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表 3 卷筒输入参数
Table 3 Input parameter of drum
输入参数 初始值/mm 筒皮厚度P1 100 绳槽2环筋厚度P2 50 绳槽4环筋厚度P3 50 绳槽6环筋厚度P4 50 绳槽9环筋厚度P5 50 绳槽2环筋内径P6 2 600 绳槽4环筋内径P7 2 600 绳槽6环筋内径P8 2 600 绳槽9环筋内径P9 2 600
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表 4 卷筒优化结果
Table 4 Optimization results of the drum
参数 方案一 方案二 方案三 P1/mm 60.04 60.17 60 P2/mm 20.09 58.63 20.11 P3/mm 20.12 21.18 20.06 P6/mm 2 580 3 496 2 464 P7/mm 3 464 3 497 3 460 P15/MPa 349.74 348.34 339.69 P17/kg 52 852 52 874 52 912
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