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RSS2022 Vol. 9, No. 4
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2022, 9(4)
Abstract:
2022, 9(4): 1-10.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.001
Abstract:
Introduction To further explore the potential influence of malfunctions in the information network on the power operation systems and assure that the results are replicable and acceptable, Method the research established a lightweight co-simulation measure of the cyber-physical system in power substations based on the open-source environments. According to the topology of the power monitoring system, a virtualization framework of substation process level through Mininet was firstly built, and, in virtual hosts, the models from Scapy were imported to define the malfunctions in the communication system. Then, the calculation functions were modified automatically based on the simulation results from the Mininet-based virtualization framework. Finally, the stable/transient computing cores of PSD-BPA were externally called to produce stability results, and the lightweight CPS co-simulation platform was eventually obtained. Result The simulation results suggest that the time delay of around 64% of links is increased more than 10 times and the operation time of the protective relay is postponed at least 12 cycles. According to the transient-stability-based index proposed in the research, multiple substations will engage serious out-of-step failures during the calculation period. Conclusion The impacts of malfunctions of the information network on the power energy system are quantified based on the screening results using the proposed transient-stability-based index.
2022, 9(4): 11-23.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.002
Abstract:
Introduction Under the "carbon peak and neutrality" goal, China's hydrogen energy has great potential. Based on the status quo of China's hydrogen energy industry development, this paper studies the paths and policies for the high-quality development of hydrogen energy in China around the existing problems. Method Relevant policies, literature, and cases at home and abroad were sorted out, analyzed, and summarized from the two perspectives of path and policy. Result In terms of paths, using hydrogen energy to promote the decarbonization of the energy system in transportation and industry, integrating hydrogen energy with the existing oil and gas energy storage and transportation pipeline system, using hydrogen energy to standardize renewable energy, developing hydrogen production by electrolysis (photovoltaic, wind and other renewable energy power generation), increasing the commercial promotion of hydrogen fuel cells, etc., are effective paths for the high-quality development of hydrogen energy in China. In terms of policy, improving the top-level policy design of national hydrogen energy, refining the policies support for special research on hydrogen energy "production, storage, transportation and utilization," accelerating the formulation of hydrogen energy-related standards and norms, strengthening the construction of strategic alliances of the hydrogen energy industry and improving the coordination of supply and demand in the hydrogen energy market, etc., are essential guarantees Conclusion The relevant path suggestions and policy discussions mentioned in the research can provide a reference for relevant departments and industry personnel.
2022, 9(4): 24-31.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.003
Abstract:
Introduction Hydrogen energy and energy storage are important tools to achieve the goal of "carbon peak and neutrality." Their industrialization is entering a period of rapid development. The industry and technological innovation of hydrogen energy and energy storage have various intersections and integration. Therefore, the research provides suggestions for their coupling development by sorting out the application scenarios and key technologies of hydrogen energy and energy storage. Method The role of hydrogen energy in the construction of new power systems as energy storage technology was specified and the positioning of hydrogen energy in promoting carbon emission reduction in transportation, construction, industry, and other fields was explained. The common key technologies of hydrogen energy and energy storage were analyzed. Suggestions to promote the development of its coupling were also put forward. Result New energy penetrates into power, transportation, construction, industry, and other fields for deep decarbonization in the form of hydrogen energy and energy storage, but the bottleneck of their industrial technologies needs to be broken through continuously. Conclusion The common key technologies of hydrogen energy and energy storage can be collaboratively researched and developed, and their industrialization still needs to be brewed. In promoting engineering demonstration, we should actively accumulate experience as well as master the core technology and avoid blind and duplicate construction.
2022, 9(4): 32-39.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.004
Abstract:
Introduction Fossil fuels and new energy power are facing problems and challenges in utilization and development. In order to solve the problem of carbon emissions in hydrogen production from fossil fuels for traditional refining and chemical enterprises and provide suggestions on the volatility in the development of new energy power, it is necessary to review the application and development of hydrogen preparation technology and the hydrogen network status of traditional refining and chemical enterprises. Method The utilization and development of hydrogen power were summarized, and special attention was given to the development of fuel cell electrolysis for hydrogen production technology. The hydrogen network in refining and chemical enterprise was in-depth analyzed from hydrogen production, hydrogen utilization, and hydrogen purification points of view. Result Based on these, the research points out the idea of combining the waste renewable energy power with the hydrogen network in refining and chemical enterprises by the water-electrolytic hydrogen production technology. With the clean energy device settled near the traditional refinery and chemical enterprise, the daily electricity requirement is satisfied and the processes hydrogen need is met. Conclusion To reduce the CO2 emissions from fossil fuel usage and the volatility of renewable energy power usage and to realize the idea of applying water-electrolytic hydrogen production technology in traditional refinery and chemical enterprises, there are still many challenges to overcome.
2022, 9(4): 40-46.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.005
Abstract:
Introduction The research aims to make full use of the high quality wind resources in the deep sea, solve the problem of wind abandonment of offshore wind power, and provide a possible offshore hydrogen fuel supply for future new energy ships. Method The process flow of offshore wind power coupled seawater hydrogen production technology relying on an independent offshore platform was discussed. The key equipment proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system, hydrogen compressor, hydrogen storage tank and some auxiliary equipment process design problems were described, with a brief description of the control scheme of hydrogen production platform, and a preliminary analysis of its economy. Result From the angle of process design, the design of offshore wind hydrogen production platform just in a relatively early stage. The supply chain of key equipment is in the initial development period and most of the suppliers did not enter the marine market, suggesting that current process from engineering design to the engineering of offshore floating hydrogen production is not yet mature and the economic benefit of hydrogen production from renewable energy is low. Conclusion At the moment, offshore wind power cannot be connected to the grid at a reasonable price, and the application of coupled hydrogen energy of offshore wind power still has a long way to go. Engineering tests are the prerequisite for large-scale engineering.
2022, 9(4): 47-52.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.006
Abstract:
Introduction Hydrogen energy is a kind of green and efficient energy, which can be converted into electric energy and thermal energy by many ways. Hydrogen production from renewable energy is an important support to achieve the goal of "carbon peak and neutrality." Hydrogen production from renewable energy is a new kind of project, which is the combination of electric power industry and chemical industry. The coupling between systems is not strong. Improving the comprehensive utilization of energy is the research focus of hydrogen production from renewable energy. Method The main hydrogen production processes at present were introduced, the main characteristics of gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen and green hydrogen were compared, the main systems of hydrogen production from wind and photovoltaic power were described. Then it was proposed to build a comprehensive energy management platform to manage and control all systems of hydrogen production from renewable energy as a whole. Result The control strategy formulated on the comprehensive energy management platform can balance the power, optimize the scheduling, reduce the waste of wind and photovoltaic power, and reduce the unit hydrogen production cost. Conclusion The comprehensive energy management platform can improve the comprehensive utilization of hydrogen production from renewable energy, play a supporting role in the promotion of hydrogen production from renewable energy projects, and have important reference significance for researchers in this area.
2022, 9(4): 53-62.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.007
Abstract:
Introduction The demand for energy storage of new power systems (dominated by renewable energy) is increasing. Liquid air energy storage is a new method of physical energy storage with large capacity for long time storage, which has a broad application prospect. the purpose is to explore the thermodynamic principle of liquid air energy storage system and the influence of key parameters on energy storage efficiency. Method The thermodynamic models of three basic cycles of liquid air energy storage system: separated cycle, cooling capacity recovery cycle and cooling capacity and heat recovery cycle were established. The influence of key parameters such as cold energy recovery, heat recovery, high pressure and discharge pressure on liquid yield and cycle efficiency was analyzed. Result The results show that there is a positive correlation between liquid yield and cycle efficiency. The liquid yield and cycle efficiency of the separated cycle are extremely low. The cooling capacity recovery cycle, using the cooling capacity during temperature rise, significantly improves the liquid yield and cycle efficiency. The cooling capacity and heat recovery cycle further improve the liquid yield and recycling efficiency for the use of heat of compression. The liquid yield and cycle efficiency increase with the increase of cooling capacity recovery, increase with the increase of high pressure, and decrease with the increase of discharge pressure. Conclusion Cooling capacity and heat recovery cycle is the optimal scheme of liquid air energy storage. Efficient cooling capacity storage plays an important role in improving cycle efficiency. The utilization of industrial waste heat in the process of liquid-air reheating is helpful to further improve cycle efficiency.
2022, 9(4): 63-69.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.008
Abstract:
Introduction Coupling electrochemical energy storage equipment with thermal power plants is a feasible solution to improve the flexible peaking capacity of power system under the high proportion penetration of renewable energy power. Method The function and application characteristics of electrochemical energy storage technology in thermal power plants were introduced firstly. Then the characteristics of electrochemical energy storage technology were summarized and concluded. Meanwhile, the applicability of different types of electrochemical energy storage systems for different application purposes scenarios was analyzed. According to the current application and bottleneck of electrochemical energy storage technology in thermal power plants, the development direction of electrochemical energy storage technology is discussed. Finally, the development direction of electrochemical energy storage technology was prospected. Result According to the analysis results, although the electrochemical energy storage technology has a broad engineering application prospect in thermal power plants, there is still room for improvement in operation safety, construction and maintenance costs, material recovery, and other aspects. Conclusion Operation strategy optimization, development of new high-performance materials, and equipment safety and recycling management will become the main development directions of electrochemical energy storage technology participating in the application process of thermal power frequency modulation in the future.
2022, 9(4): 70-77.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.009
Abstract:
Introduction New energy storage is one of the important means to improve the system's adjustment ability, and it is an important part of building a new power system. It is necessary to clarify the market positioning of new energy storage, and to study and improve the cost allocation and price mechanism of new energy storage, which will help guide its health, orderly and efficient development. Method The relevant policies and operation of new energy storage at home and abroad were sorted out, the function and role of new energy storage in the power system was analyzed. Combined with the actual situation of Guangdong power system, the scale demand of new energy storage construction before 2030 was studied. Based on the current price mechanism in Guangdong, the energy storage economy of power generation, power grid (independent), user-side was estimated, the current situation and existing problems of Guangdong's new energy storage policies were analyzed. Guangdong's new energy storage supporting policies and mechanism suggestions were comprehensively put forward. Result From the perspective of peak shaving and frequency regulation, there is no urgent need for new energy storage in Guangdong before 2030, there is no clear cost recovery mechanism for new energy distribution and energy storage, and photovoltaics and onshore wind power have a small amount of cost digestion space for strong distribution of energy storage, offshore wind power does not have the cost digestion space for strong distribution of energy storage. The business model of grid-side (independent) energy storage is not yet clear, and benefits can be obtained through ancillary services and spot electricity price difference, but the operating rules need to be further clarified, and it is not yet economical. The user-side energy storage business model is relatively clear. According to the current peak-valley electricity price policy, it has certain economic benefits, but the investment recovery period is long and it faces the risk of policy changes. Conclusion The new energy storage is divided into two types: market-oriented and non-market-oriented. The former is invested by various market entities other than the power grid. Under reasonable prices and operating mechanisms, profits are obtained through market-oriented channels, and a reasonable new energy storage system is formed by market regulation. energy scale and layout; the latter is invested by the grid company, and the cost is recovered through the transmission and distribution price.
2022, 9(4): 78-86.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.010
Abstract:
Introduction The fuel cell distributed generation technology is an important application direction to adapt to the future development trend of low-carbon, clean and high-efficiency energy. There are few domestic fuel cell power station projects , and there is a lack of actual project experience accumulation. In order to promote the application of fuel cell distributed power station technology, the research outlined the current application status at home and abroad, summarized the advantages and disadvantages of high temperature fuel cells, investigated domestic fuel cell construction and application cases, and established solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power generation system processes. Method After literature research and field research, two fuel cell distributed generation technologies suitable for the construction of large-scale power stations were identified. Chemical simulation software AspenPlus was used to establish the process model, electrochemical model and energy analysis model for the fuel cell system, and the performance simulation analysis of the system was carried out. Result The analysis results show that they are consistent with the actual operation results and the system performance trend predicted by the analysis is consistent with the existing research. Conclusion The simulation method can be used in the research of MW-level high-temperature fuel cell distributed generation system, and can provide data support for expanding the application scale of fuel cells.
2022, 9(4): 87-93.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.011
Abstract:
Introduction With the rapid development of domestic battery energy storage market, more and more manufacturers have joined in the battery energy storage field, making the industry competition increasingly fierce. Chinese enterprises urgently need to explore a new market overseas. Method By collecting, sorting and analyzing the data of India's wind power and photovoltaic power industry, the capacity of its supporting battery energy storage market was calculated, the development status of its battery energy storage market, the bidding requirements of energy storage projects, and the advantages of Chinese enterprises were analyzed. Result The results of calculation show that the battery energy storage market in India's wind power and photovoltaic industry has great potential, and Chinese enterprises benefit from the rapid development of domestic battery energy storage technology, and have great advantages in developing battery energy storage business in India, but also face great challenges. Conclusion The research results provide a reference for Chinese enterprises to develop battery storage business in India.
2022, 9(4): 94-102.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.012
Abstract:
Introduction Under the goal of "carbon peak and neutrality" goal, the new power system with new energy as the main body has attached great importance to energy storage on the "source-grid-load" side. Exploring the energy storage business model and cost recovery mechanism, and improving the energy storage related market rules and supporting policy mechanism are of great significance to promote the sustainable development of energy storage, the construction of new power system and the realization of the "carbon peak and neutrality" goal. Method The source of energy storage income is calculated by using various methods such as operation period pricing method, cost + reasonable income and power load loss value based on energy storage pricing at home and abroad. Result The application scenarios, business models and cost recovery mechanism of new energy storage on the "source-grid-load" side were sorted out, and the existing problems and policy suggestions were summarized. Conclusion The research results are of good operability and reference value, and can provide useful reference for the development and policy-making of energy storage.
2022, 9(4): 103-107.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.013
Abstract:
Introduction The construction of battery energy storage power stations is an inevitable trend in the future. The research aims to learn the economic and operational benefits of battery energy storage power stations under the present battery technologies and peak-valley price policy. Method For the grid-side energy storage power stations, the economic benefit index was used as the criterion to measure the economic benefit, and the delayed substation expansion was used to measure the operational benefit. Taking battery energy storage power stations in Dongguan as an example, the direct economic benefits, operational benefits, and other benefits were analyzed. Result The results showed that under the present battery technologies and peak-valley price policy, generally the economic benefits of battery energy storage power stations in Dongguan suffered slight loss. Nevertheless, considering other operational benefits of the construction of energy storage power stations, the development of battery energy storage power stations can produce a small profit. Conclusion The case study of economic and operational benefits of battery energy storage power stations in Dongguan can provide a reference for the benefit analysis of other battery energy storage power stations of the same type.
2022, 9(4): 108-117.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.014
Abstract:
Introduction Magnetically confined fusion is an effective way to solve the energy problem. To direct to quasi-steady state discharges and their relevant physics, the superconducting magnet (especially the high field HTS magnet) had become the first choice for tokamak design in the future. Method This reserch was devoted to introduce the recent experimental progress and future research schemes of EAST, and summarized the latest progress of CFETR, especially the research on superconducting magnet. Result EAST device, the world's first full superconducting tokamak, has achieved a new pulse length world record (1056 seconds) for high temperature tokamak plasma by the end of 2021. Conclusion The designs of CFETR, which aim to bridge the gaps between the fusion experiment ITER and the demonstration reactor (DEMO), have been carried out within CFETR National design team.
2022, 9(4): 118-126.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.015
Abstract:
Introduction Carbon emissions trading is becoming a market mechanism or policy tool around the world to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction effectively. Focused on carbon peak and neutrality goals, it is of great significance to carry out timely analysis and research on carbon emissions trading markets (carbon markets) to promote the healthy and orderly development of China's carbon markets. Method On the basis of an introduction of the development of the relatively mature carbon markets in the European Union and the United States of America, the construction experience of seven domestic pilot carbon trading markets in China are summarized briefly and the operation of the national carbon market in the first performance period was also analyzed. Result Some shortcomings in China's carbon markets are pointed out, mainly including incomplete institutional system construction, relatively single industry coverage and trading structure, imperfect allowance allocation and weak multi-market linkage effect, etc. Conclusion On the premise of the basic condition of China's economic and social development, it is suggested that a series of work centered on top-level design, trading market scheme, regulation and control mechanism, and international cooperation, etc. should be carried out in the future.
2022, 9(4): 127-134.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.016
Abstract:
Introduction The research aims to establish a new forecasting methodology to study the future electricity consumption features in Shenzhen based on the correction of traditional power demand forecasting methods. The new methodology could reflect the influence of the recently issued policies, such as the "carbon peak and neutrality" and "construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics." Method For electricity consumption forecast, a "top-down" forecasting method guided by carbon intensity control and considering social electrification level was proposed, and "bottom-up" forecasting was made using the improved multi-sectoral method and new load correction method to validate the forecasting results. For load characteristics forecasting, the impact of demand side management and peak shaving means was fully considered. Result Through quantitative analysis of the energy supply and consumption mix adjustment under key impact factors, including "carbon peak and neutrality," new infrastructure, industrial structure adjustment and transfer under "construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics," the total electricity consumption in Shenzhen during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and in the middle to long term, as well the development trend of the future peak load and load characteristics in Shenzhen were forecasted. Conclusion The proposed forecasting methodology provides new idea for other regions in power demand forecast under new policies, and the results provide an important reference for guiding Shenzhen's subsequent power source and grid planning, dispatch and operation, etc.
2022, 9(4): 135-142.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.017
Abstract:
Introduction The persistently increasing energy consumption and the environmental protection and energy security issues brought about by the burning of fossil fuels have raised widespread concerns all over the world. Thus, the development of technology for clean-energy production has become the major research priority worldwide. Hydrogen energy with zero pollution, high specific energy density, and abundant resources is one of the most promising alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered as the most promising method for hydrogen production. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode side has sluggish kinetics and low energy conversion efficiency, which is the major bottleneck for large-scale hydrogen production. Method The latest development of NiCo-based electrocatalysts for OER was summarized and discussed, especially the design and synthesis of NiCo-based electrocatalysts and the research strategies for improving their electrocatalytic performance in the OER process. Result In order to replace the noble-metal catalysts such as ruthenium and iridium, researchers have carried out a lot of research on NiCo-based non-noble metal catalysts. By regulating the chemical structure of a variety of NiCo-based-catalysts, including oxides, hydroxides, alloys, nitrides, sulfides, and phosphides, the activity of electrocatalytic hydrogen production is improved from the anode perspective. However, these catalysts have different defects, which need to be overcome by further research. Conclusion The development of non-noble metal catalysts with high OER activity is an important way to reduce the cost of hydrogen production from water electrolysis and promote the development of hydrogen energy industry. Although there are still some unsolved technical problems that limit the substitution of NiCo-based catalysts for noble metal catalysts, the research of NiCo-based catalysts, as an important substitute for noble metal catalysts, provides an important choice for the development of new catalysts.
2022, 9(4): 143-149.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.018
Abstract:
Introduction The purpose of the research is to propose a classification and fusion method for the data acquisition and system integration of various application systems of the intelligent power plant by studying the overall platform architecture of the intelligent power plant, and provide a reference for the integration scheme of the system and the big data platform in intelligent power plant. Method First, the division of four levels of the intelligent power plant was described. Then, the application system's data was collected and integrated according to the safety partition requirements, with the big data platform database as the core for interaction. Finally, according to the classification of three types of integration, the scheme of intelligent power plant application system was analyzed. Result The analysis and integration of the current architecture system of the intelligent power plant and data acquisition and application system greatly improved the efficiency and intelligence level of the big data platform. Conclusion With the gradual promotion and application of intelligent power plants in the China's power industry, technical research and planning in advance according to the project needs is conducive to building a highly integrated intelligent integration platform, which is conducive to big data analysis and interaction.
2022, 9(4): 150-158.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.019
Abstract:
Introduction In the power system, the surge arrester in switchgear plays an important role in suppressing transient overvoltage and discharging large pulse currents, which is of great significance to maintain its normal and stable operation. Method A time-frequency analysis method based on the autocorrelation coefficient and the Chi-squared test optimization was proposed in the research to effectively suppress the noise interference on leakage current signal detection. Firstly, the measurement results of the current sensor and the shunt were analyzed. Then, the wavelet transform based on the autocorrelation coefficient and the Chi-squared test optimization was used to eliminate the noise interference in the signal in order to determine the optimal decomposition size to better suit the occasion of small signal-noise ratio. Result Based on the analysis in the software platform, it is concluded that the optimized wavelet algorithm denoising has stronger anti-interference capability and better waveform quality on the basis of measurement of the shunt. Finally, an online leakage current detection device is developed to verify the leakage current detection model proposed in the research. Conclusion The experimental results show that the device can realize the real-time detection of leakage current of the surge arresters.
2022, 9(4): 159-166.
doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2022.04.020
Abstract:
Introduction The foundation of a large H-class gas turbine usually has multiple disturbing forces, and the vibration displacement of the mass points is obtained by the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) method, but the vibration displacement obtained by the SRSS method is not the maximum possible displacement. The research aims to analyze all possible vibration displacements and study the reliability probability of the SRSS method. Method A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the foundation of a H-class gas turbine in high position, the unidirectional disturbing forces separately applied on mass points were analyzed, and the vibration displacement of the mass points was calculated by the SRSS method. It was proposed to apply the bidirectional disturbing forces on the mass points separately. Considering the uncertainty of angle between the disturbing forces at the mass points, the linear superposition method was used to calculate all possible vibration displacements and analyze their statistical probability distribution. Result The combined value of the lateral vibration displacement of mass point 10 of the H-class gas turbine at 40.75 Hz by the SRSS method is 16.40 μm, and the maximum possible lateral vibration displacement value is 24.18 μm. The reliability probability of the SRSS method is about 50%. Conclusion The multi-point vibration displacement value obtained based on the SRSS method is not the maximum value, and the method has a certain reliability probability. For particularly sensitive or important dynamic foundation analysis, the reliability probability of the method should be controlled, and it can be improved by increasing the margin.
