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Zhongfu DAI, Yingjie ZHANG, Jiefeng ZHONG, Zefu JIANG, Yilin ZHONG. The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period[J]. SOUTHERN ENERGY CONSTRUCTION, 2017, 4(4): 15-18. doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003
Citation: Zhongfu DAI, Yingjie ZHANG, Jiefeng ZHONG, Zefu JIANG, Yilin ZHONG. The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period[J]. SOUTHERN ENERGY CONSTRUCTION, 2017, 4(4): 15-18. doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003

The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003
  • Received Date: 2017-07-19
  • Publish Date: 2020-07-18
  • The static voltage stability margin is an important index to assess the static stability of power systems. It′s not only the significant basis of computing transmission capacities between regional power systems under the limit of voltage stability, but also the significant reference point for power systems to decide whether to adopt preventative measures. The 13th five-year plan of Guizhou power grid and relevant researches demand to compute the static voltage stability margins of Guizhou power gird during the 13th five year plan period. But current static voltage stability margin analyzing tools such as VSAP have certain limits in capable computing node numbers, which can′t satisfy the demand of computing the static voltage margins of Guizhou power grid .Thus , it′s necessary to find a new path to obtain the static voltage stability margins of Guizhou power grid. This paper puts forward a computing method using both PSD-BPA and MATLAB. PSD-BPA is mainly for system equivalent reduction, while MATLAB program is optimal power flow method responsible for computing the static voltage stability margins. The computing results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method which can be further applied in the static voltage stability margins computing work in other provincial level power girds and regional power grids.
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    ZHOU S X, JIANG Y, ZHU L Z. Review on steady state voltage stability indices of power systmes [J]. Power System Technology,2001,25(1):1-7.
    [2] 包黎昕,张步涵,段献忠,等. 电压稳定裕度指标分析方法综述 [J]. 电力系统自动化,1999,23(8):52-55.

    BAO L X, ZHANG B H, DUAN X Z,et al. A summary of the state of the art of voltage stability margin indices [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,1999,23(8):52-55.
    [3] 刘焕志,李扬,陈霄. 基于连续潮流的输电网可用输电能力计算 [J]. 电力系统自动化设备. 2003,23(12):5-8.

    LIU H Z, LI Y, CHEN X. Available transfer capability caculation based on continual power flow for transmission network [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2003,23(12):5-8.
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    WANG C S, LI G Q, YU Y X, el al. Study on transmissin transfer capablility of interconnected electric power systems(1)basic theory of continuation method and its application [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,1999,23(3):23-26.
    [5] 方鸽飞,黄晓烁,梁成红. 考虑电压稳定的预想事故下最大输电能力分析 [J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(5):5-8.

    FANG G F, HUANG X S, LIANG C H. TTC Analysis in contingency based on voltage stability [J]. Proceedings of the EPSA,2003,15(5):5-8.
    [6] EJEBE G C, TONG J. Available transfer capability calculation [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,1998,13(4):11-16.
    [7] IRISARRI G D, WANG X, TONG J,et al.Maximum loadability of power systems using interior point non-linear optimization method [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power System,1998,3(4):162-172.
    [8] 戴仲覆,刘明波,林舜江. 考虑分级电压控制作用的静态电压稳定裕度计算 [J]. 电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(12):31-36.
    [9] 戴仲覆. 考虑AVC系统作用的静态电压稳定裕度计算 [D]. 广州:华南理工大学,2011:26-27.
    [10] 国家能源局. 电力系统电压稳定评价导则:DL/T 1172—2013 [S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
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The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003

Abstract: The static voltage stability margin is an important index to assess the static stability of power systems. It′s not only the significant basis of computing transmission capacities between regional power systems under the limit of voltage stability, but also the significant reference point for power systems to decide whether to adopt preventative measures. The 13th five-year plan of Guizhou power grid and relevant researches demand to compute the static voltage stability margins of Guizhou power gird during the 13th five year plan period. But current static voltage stability margin analyzing tools such as VSAP have certain limits in capable computing node numbers, which can′t satisfy the demand of computing the static voltage margins of Guizhou power grid .Thus , it′s necessary to find a new path to obtain the static voltage stability margins of Guizhou power grid. This paper puts forward a computing method using both PSD-BPA and MATLAB. PSD-BPA is mainly for system equivalent reduction, while MATLAB program is optimal power flow method responsible for computing the static voltage stability margins. The computing results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method which can be further applied in the static voltage stability margins computing work in other provincial level power girds and regional power grids.

Zhongfu DAI, Yingjie ZHANG, Jiefeng ZHONG, Zefu JIANG, Yilin ZHONG. The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period[J]. SOUTHERN ENERGY CONSTRUCTION, 2017, 4(4): 15-18. doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003
Citation: Zhongfu DAI, Yingjie ZHANG, Jiefeng ZHONG, Zefu JIANG, Yilin ZHONG. The Method for Static Voltage Margins Computing of Guizhou Power Grid During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period[J]. SOUTHERN ENERGY CONSTRUCTION, 2017, 4(4): 15-18. doi: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2017.04.003
  • 电力系统的静态电压稳定裕度是评估系统静态稳定的重要指标,它是指从当前运行点出发,按照给定方向增长负荷直至电压崩溃,在功率注入空间中,当前运行点与电压临界点之间的距离,反映了系统在一定条件下所能承当的最大负荷增长[1,2]。静态电压稳定裕度给出了电压临界点处的极限功率,是计算电压稳定限制的区域电力系统间输电能力的重要依据,也是系统选择是否进行预防控制措施的重要参考[3,4,5,6]

    贵州电网“十三五”规划及相关专题要求对贵州电网“十三五”期间静态电压稳定性情况进行计算分析。而现有的静态电压稳定裕度计算工具如VSAP等存在计算节点数量限制,难以满足“十三五”期间贵州电网的静态电压稳定裕度计算要求。因此有必要寻求一种新的途径来求取贵州电网静态稳定裕度。

    本文提出了一种采用BPA潮流计算程序与MATLAB程序相结合的计算方法,先由BPA潮流计算程序将原有含全南方电网的“十三五”规划BPA数据等值简化为仅含贵州电网的数据,然后将BPA格式的数据转化为MATLAB格式的数据,并编制MALAB语言的基于最优潮流法的静态电压稳定计算程序,最后计算得到贵州电网“十三五”期间的静态电压稳定裕度,并给出相关结论。

  • 本文提出的计算方法的主要流程为:(1)对含全南方电网数据的贵州电网“十三五”BPA数据进行等值简化,生成仅含贵州电网的BPA数据;(2)将该数据转换为与MATLAB程序的潮流计算包MATPOWER规定格式一致的MATLAB数据;(3)编制基于最优潮流法的MATLAB静态电压稳定计算程序;(4)用静态电压稳定计算程序读取MATPOWER格式的数据计算得到贵州电网及分州、市“十三五”静态电压稳定裕度。

  • 用于贵州电网“十三五”规划的BPA数据包含全南方电网的数据,若直接用该数据来计算贵州电网静态电压稳定裕度,则因数据量较大,在进行数据格式转换时数据处理的工作量与转换出错几率均会增加。且在进行稳定裕度计算时,也易出现优化算法不收敛的情况。所以,有必要对原数据进行等值简化,缩小系统规模,提高算法的准确性与收敛性。

    等值简化的主要工作是将BPA数据中贵州电网与外网的交直流联络功率等值为与边界节点相连的PQ节点。贵州电网输送联络功率的线路为黎平-桂林双回、独山-河池双回、金州-天生桥单回、高肇直流与兴安直流。因此,需在贵州电网省内节点之外增加5个替代与外区功率交换的PQ节点,这5个节点不属于贵州电网,所以在稳定裕度计算设置负荷增长时应不考虑这5个节点的负荷增长。

    另外,由于BPA格式潮流数据的线路高抗是用线路的L+卡表示,而MATPOWER格式数据线路高抗由配置高抗节点连接的电纳表示,故需将BPA数据中的线路高抗移动到对应的变电站节点上。

    最后,由于等值简化后的贵州电网BPA数据为独立运行电网,需在贵州电网内设置一个平衡节点。综合考虑机组容量等因素,选择构皮滩1号机组发电机母线作为系统平衡机节点。

    经等值简化后的贵州电网“十三五”逐年规划数据潮流计算均收敛,且收敛次数由原数据的10次左右减少到7次左右,数据的收敛性变好。

  • 常用的静态电压稳定裕度的计算方法包括灵敏度法、连续潮流法以及最优潮流法。最优潮流法将临界点的求取转化为最大化负荷因子的优化问题,考虑到潮流方程以及各种不等式约束,一般通过现代内点法求解[7],直接获得电压崩溃临界点。该方法计算速度快,不等式约束处理方便,且鲁棒性强。

    本文求解静态电压稳定裕度的算法具体如下:

    1)采用最优潮流法求解贵州电网的静态电压稳定裕度,具体模型[8,9]如式(1)至式(8)所示。

    2)计算全网裕度时系统负荷增长方式采用最接近实际情况的全系统负荷增长方式,负荷功率因数与潮流初始负荷功率因数保持一致,为恒功率因数增长。

    3)计算分州、市裕度时系统增长方式采用被研究的分州、市的区域负荷增长方式,负荷功率因数与潮流初始负荷功率因数保持一致,为恒功率因数增长。

    4)最优潮流模型引入互补约束解决因发电机无功功率达到限值而出现的发电机PV节点转PQ节点的问题。

    5)模型求解方法采用现代非线性原对偶内点法。

    ((1))
    ((2))
    ((3))
    ((4))
    ((5))
    ((6))
    ((7))
    ((8))

    式中:上标“-”表示上限值,下标“-”表示下限值;λ为标量,称为负荷因子,模型的目标函数即-λ的最大值,也可写成-λ的最小值;SB为所有节点的集合;SG为所有发电机节点的集合;PGiQGi为第i个节点的有功和无功电源出力,为控制变量;PLi0QLi0为第i个节点的初始负荷,其值为常数;Viθi为第i个节点的电压幅值和相角,为状态变量。式(2)和(3)为参数化潮流方程,即常规潮流方程与负荷增加参数化标量λ的组合;为负荷变化方向矢量。

    式(4)~式(8)即为互补约束,这里采用的是等式约束,也可写成参紧凑的不等式约束的形式。VGiref为发电机设定运行电压考值,也可写成发电机初始点电压VGi0VaiVbi为附加变量。从式(5)和(6)可以看出当发电机无功出力在限制范围之内时,VaiVbi=0;当无功出力到达上限时,Vai=0,Vbi可以大于0,式(7)中VGi可以小于设定值VGiref,当无功出力到达下限时,Vbi =0,Vai可以大于0,VGi可以大于设定值VGiref

  • 将等值简化后的仅含贵州电网的“十三五”逐年电网规划的枯大方式BPA数据转化为MATLAB潮流计算包MATPOWER格式的数据。2016年、2017年、2018年、2019年、2020年的BPA数据分别转换为467节点、527节点、531节点、560节点、574节点的MATPOWER潮流数据,各节点系统的220 kV及以下计算负荷即为系统总的初始负荷,其值如表1所示。

    地区/年份 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
    全网 17 806 19 208 21 083 22 879 24 149
    贵阳 4 780 5 036 5 462 5 905 6 191
    贵安 790 956 1 178 1 333 1 458
    遵义 2 695 2 934 3 112 3 291 3 648
    毕节 1 381 1 361 1 624 1 778 1 922
    安顺 854 926 988 1 068 1 154
    六盘水 1 472 1 611 1 744 1 894 1 972
    兴义 1 145 1 262 1 385 1 501 1 562
    都匀 1 421 1 478 1 597 1 725 1 737
    凯里 1 905 2 119 2 351 2 568 2 665
    铜仁 1 362 1 526 1 641 1 815 1 840

    Table 1.  The computing loads under 220 kV of provincial level power gird and municipal level power grids in Guizhou MW

    用基于最优潮流法的MATLAB静态电压稳定裕度计算程序计算贵州全网及各州市“十三五”期间的静态电压稳定裕度结果如表1所示。由表1可知,贵州电网“十三五”期间各项静稳裕度均远大于文献[10]中8%的安全裕值要求,系统不存在因负荷的轻微扰动而导致电压失稳的问题。由分州市静态电压稳定裕度比较可知,各年份遵义、凯里、铜仁、贵阳的裕度相对其他州市偏小,在“十三五“无功规划中可适当增强这些地区的容性无功支撑,提高电压稳定水平。

    地区/年份 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
    全网 0.219 2 0.219 9 0.220 6 0.226 0 0.203 4
    贵阳 0.685 6 0.755 5 0.825 5 0.791 9 0.759 6
    贵安 2.485 9 2.432 4 2.363 2 2.387 7 2.357 1
    遵义 0.461 0 0.440 0 0.419 0 0.433 6 0.448 6
    毕节 1.736 3 1.782 0 1.827 7 1.651 5 1.492 3
    安顺 2.399 8 2.362 7 2.311 4 2.214 5 2.150 6
    六盘水 1.563 4 1.574 8 1.386 2 1.253 3 1.381 4
    兴义 1.763 8 1.481 2 1.168 5 1.270 5 1.154 2
    都匀 1.714 8 1.732 3 1.649 7 1.650 6 1.354 2
    凯里 0.913 1 0.871 6 0.830 1 0.754 3 0.574 5
    铜仁 1.011 9 0.965 8 0.919 8 0.739 7 0.594 8

    Table 2.  The computing results of static voltage margins of provincial level power gird and municipal level power grids in Guizhou during the 13th five-year plan period

  • 本文提出了一种贵州电网“十三五”静态电压裕度的计算方法,该方法采用BPA潮流计算程序与MATLAB程序相结合的计算方法,首先在BPA潮流计算程序中对原“十三五”规划数据进行系统等值简化,而后将简化后的BPA格式数据转换为MATLAB潮流计算包MATPOWER格式数据,最后编制基于最优潮流法的MATLAB静态电压稳定裕度计算程序,读取MATPOWER格式数据计算得到贵州电网全网及分州市的“十三五”静态电压稳定裕度。计算结果表明该方法有效可行,解决了现有静态电压稳定裕度计算工具存在计算节点数量限制而难以满足大型电网静态电压稳定裕度计算要求的问题,可推广应用于其他省级电网及区域电网的静态电压稳定裕度计算分析工作中。

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